Impact of Supplementary Feeding on the Tribals of Srikakulam District

Abstract

To combat malnutrition among pre-school children, pregnant women and lactating mothers, who are more vulnerable, to the undesirable effects of malnutrition, several nutritional and feeding programmes are in operation in the country. The special Nutritional programme is one of such programme launched for providing supplementary feeding for pre-school children of tribal areas and urban slums from the year 1970-71. To evaluate the impact of this programme, studies were conducted in various parts of the State. The present study in Srikakulam district is conducted during the months of August-September, 1974. The special Nutrition Programme is operating in 18 Panchayat Samithis of Srikakulam District out of 5 were selected for the present study. Individual dietary intake was assessed by questionnaire method, with the help of standardized cups and spoons. Conventional landmarks and techniques were used in recording anthropometry. Height in cms. was recorded with anthropometer, while weight in Kgs. was recorded with a portable balance. The techniques used to record the Nutrition deficiency signs were those suggested by D.B.Jelliffee (1966). The study reveals that malnutrition is widespread among the tribals of Srikakulam district. The children of this area are generally introduced to solid foods between 6 and 9 months, in contrast to the very late introduction among other tribals of the State. The home diets are highly deficient in oils, milk and milk products, sugar and jaggeery flesh foods and vegetables. Economic backwardness and conservations are playing major role in the exclusion of these foods from their diets. Even the intake of the main source of their energy i.e cereals is inadequate. The most severe deficiency is in calories which is about 50% among children, 42% among lactating mothers and 28% among pregnant mothers, Nicotinic acid and Riboflavin deficiencies come next, while deficiency in calcium and protein are comparatively less. This area is unique in having highest consumption of leafy vegetables, resulting in the highest intake of Vitamin A. Hence there is no need to administer vitamin A concentrates through the feeding centers. The study also observed that the recipes are not prepared as suggested in the guidelines. At some centers the various ingredients are simply mixed and served without any cooking. Such deviations are likely to create problems of indigestion. Hence, the authorities may take steps to see that the foods are prepared as suggested in the guidelines.