Effectiveness Measurement of Development Interventions Among PVTGs In The Nine PVTG Inhabiting States Of India: An Outcome Analysis

Abstract

The objective of the study was to measure the institutional monitoring mechanism adopted for sustainable development planning of CCD / Central plan and effective implementation of different programs and schemes; to assess the physical and financial achievements made by different micro projects/ agencies working for PVTGs development under CCD plan and the central scheme and the state specific schemes ; to study the impact of different socio-economic development programs implemented during 11th plan and first two years of 12th plan for enhancing the livelihood and quality of life of PVTGs and conservation of culture ; to take stock of good practices of PVTG development intervention schemes and programs for their replication in other areas.; to identify factors which have stimulated and/or acted as barriers to programs implementation and to identify critical gaps and suggest corrective measures for plan formulation and implementation of PVTG development programs in general and CCD plan in particular. The present work has adopted multiple stratified random sampling method in selection of states and the villages with particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGS). This study carried out fieldwork using anthropological field techniques to assess and measure the effectiveness development interventions among the nine PVTG inhabiting states of India namely; Andhra Pradesh, Chhatisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu,and West Bengal.A total twelve number of PVTGs have been covered in the study. The fieldwork was conducted in PVTG inhabited villages ofnine PVTG inhabited states. The PVTGs covered are the Soara and the Mankidia from Odisha, the Lodhas from West Bengal, Mal-Pahadias and Birjhias from Jharkahnd, Baigas of Chhatisgarh, and Kattunayaikan from Kerela, Irula from Taminl Nadu, Konda 17 Reddy and Thoti from undivided Andhra Pradesh, Katkari of Maharastra and Kolgha of Gujarat. The total number of sample villages covered was 39 which include three villages of Dangaria Kondh of Odisha studied during pilot survey. While effectiveness measurement of development interventions among the PVTGs was studied, although many aspects initiated by respective states administration have been considered, the main focus was emphasized on the following : the state-wise effectiveness of educational interventions, interventions in health frontiers, livelihood interventions, skill development interventions, interventions in capacity building, housing interventions, intervention in infrastructure development and cultural conservation and development interventions. Not all the above-mentioned development interventions occurred in all states, however, the housing and infrastructure development interventions are observed in all states with differential achievement.